Polycystic oalter syndrome (PCOS) is additionally apperceiven as hyperandrogenic anovulation and Stein-Leventhal syndrome. It's a metabolic disorder characterized by a chronic hyperandrogenic state and multiple ovarian cysts. It's the best common endocrine disorder in women. Abender 5% to 10% of women in their reproductive yaerial are affected. It's additionally the advanceing cause of infertility in women. Among those women who seek treatment for infertility,added than 75% accept some degree of PCOS, usually manifested by anovulation alone. Other implications of PCOS include obesity, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, diabetes, agendaiovascular disease, endometrial cancer, and excessive anatomy beard (hirsutism).

Causes of Polycystic Oalter Syndrome

The precise cause of PCOS is unknown. However, it has been associated with abounding actualityors, including:

obesity
enlarged ovaries
abnormal uterine bleeding
irregular or absent menstruation
adipose bark
abscess.

Some theories abender the cause of PCOS include:

abnormal enzyme activity triggearena excess androgen secretion from the ovaries and adrenal glands
endocrine abnormalities (such as increased insulin production, which additionally increases macho hormone levels), which cause or worsen all of the signs and symptoms of PCOS
heredity

Signs and symptoms of Polycystic Oalter Syndrome

PCOS tends to begin anon In the column the onset of menarche. A general feature of all anovulation syndromes is a abridgement of pulsatile relaffluence of gonadotropinreleasing hormone. Initial ovarian follicle development is normal. abounding small follicles begin to accumubackward because there's no selection of a dominant follicle. These follicles may respond abnormally to hormonal stimulation, such as by anatomying cysts instead of releasing an egg anniversary month. These cysts aliketually fill up the ovaries.

Signs and symptoms of classic PCOS include:

balmy pelvic discomfort that aftermosts continueder than 6 months
abdominal pain or bloating
lower aback pain
dyspareunia
abnormal uterine bleeding secondary to irregular menstrual cycle (usually menstrual cycle greater than 3 S canicule or beneath than 8 cycles per year to complete absence of menses (amenorrhea)
polycystic ovaries (not definitively diagnostic of PCOS, although apparent in 67% to 86% of patients with PCOS)
elevated luteiniback hormone
cervical discharge
obesity (usually centered around the midsection)
increased androgen levels, such as analysisosterone
increased insulin levels (diabetes) . hirsutism (excess beard on the face and anatomy)
increased blood pressure, cholesterol. or lipid levels
abscess
macho-pattern beard loss.
Certain complications occur in patients with PCOS.

Diagnosis of PCOS includes:

history and physical examination appearanceing bilaterally enlarged polycys tic ovaries and menstrual irregularities, usually dating aback to menarche . visualization of the oalter through ultrasound,laparoscopy, or surgery, commalone for another condition (may conclose ovarian cysts)
slightly elevated urinary 17 -ketosteroid levels and anovulation (shown by basal anatomy temperature graphs and endometrial biopsy)
elevated ratio ofluteiniback hormone to follicle-stimulating hormone (usually 3:1 or greater) and elevated levels of analysisosterone and androstenedione (androgen)
unopposed estrogen action duarena the menstrual cycle due to anovulation
direct visualization by laparosarchetype to aphorism out paraovarian cysts of the broad ligament, salpingitis, endometriosis, and neoplastic cysts
absence of any other underlying causative disorders, such as ovarian cancer and tumor of the adrenal gland.

Polycystic Oalter Syndrome treatment

There's no cure for PCOS, so the focus of treatment is to prevent further problems and control symptoms'. Treatment of pcos includes monitoarena the patient's weight to capitaltain a normal anatomy accumulation index in order to reduce accidents associated with insulin resistance, which may cause spontaneous ovulation in some women. Treatment additionally depends on the patient's lipid and glucose levels.

Treatment of PCOS may include the administration of such biologics as:

metformin (Glucophage) to decraffluence insulin levels, which will incraffluence ovulation
clomiphene (Clomid) to induce ovulation
medroxyprogesterone (Provera) for 10 canicule anniversary month for a patient who appetites to beappear pregnant
low-dosage hormonal contraceptives to treat abnormal bleeding for the patient who requires reliable contraception; additionally to regubackward the menstrual cycle, reduce androgen levels, and advice clear abscess
progestin to protect the endometrium from estrogen exposure, although no contraceptive protection is provided (usually prescribed to women who aren't candidates for hormonal contraceptives due to smoking, hypertension,or other contraindications)
topical creams or antiandrogens (spironolactone) to decraffluence beard production

Complications

Sterility
Obesity-related conditions, like aerial blood presabiding and diabetes
Increased the accident of endometrial cancer -- this is because the endometrium (lining of the uterine bank that affords back you menstruate) can get thicker and thicker (hyperplasia) due to the abridgement of ovulation
Possible increased accident of breast cancer

Special considerations

Preoperatively, watch for signs of cyst rupture, such as increasing abdominal pain, distention, and rigidity. Monitor vital signs for fever, tachypnea, or hypotension (possibly indicating peritonitis or intraperitoneal hemorrhage).

Provide emotional support, offearena appropriate reassurance if the patient abhorrences cancer or infertility.
Asabiding the patient that unwanted excess beard may be removed by a variety of methods and can alike be removed permanently.
For those women who are infertile but still ambition to conceive, provide them with information on alternative options such as in vitro fertilization.

aback to gynaecological problems section

Home | Girls TV | Girls Tips | Online English | Contact